Federal system is a plural state system. It is mean that this state composed from some of states which is firstly having existed independently as a freedom and sovereignty state. It has a constitution and self-government. But because urgency (politics, economics, and another importance) this states joined to created an effective cooperation. In other hand this state still want to have a government affairs which has an authority, it can be regulated and maintained itself, besides government affairs that will be regulated and maintained together by this cooperation. Federal state has a division of power between central and local. There is no intervention from each other. Local government have a same power with central govenment. Each has it is own power.The reason of different in the distribution of power:
1. Different distribution of power between Federal government and regional state government.
2. Authorized institution to solve the problem between Federal and Regional state.
This state cooperation (Federal state) has a constitution and the central government that will be called as a combined government or federal government.
The characteristic of Federal State :
1. 2 kinds of states, Federal state or Combined state and Regional state
2. 2 kinds of government, Federal state government and Regional state government.
3. 2 kind of constitution, Constitution of Federal State and Constitution of regional state.
4. State on the state, it is mean that Regional state on the Federal state.
5. 2 kind of government affairs, Government affairs subject and government affairs which has a relationship with public interest of regional state.
Federal system regulate and maintain all of subject affair, it is mean that this affairs will be regulated and maintained by Federal system so that there is unity in the regulation, implementation and administration of subject affairs. Another affairs that not be regulated and maintained together still become a authority of Government regional state to regulate and maintain this affairs.
Federal system according to the essence is a cooperation, it is mean that to created a cooperation between state and state which is joined to each other with has a same goal. The goal is to reach their public interest and sovereignty.
This cooperation is very conditional. It can become strong cooperation and become weak cooperation because it just a treaty which is one day this treaty can be broken. So cooperation between Regional state and Federal state broke up.
The characteristic of Federal State:
1. The existence of supremacy from the constitution in each regional states.
2. Distribution of power between Federal state and Regional state.
3. The exitence of Institution which has an authority to solve the problem between Federal state and Regional state.
Source(Soehino,S.H,IlmuNegara.Yogjakarta;Liberty,1998.)(Moh.Kusnadi,S.H,IlmuNegara.Jakarta;GayaMediaPratama,2008.)(Yahooanswer.com)(Google.com)